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What are the key factors to consider when choosing a five-axis machining center?
Release date:
2021-11-17
The structure determines the performance of 5-axis machining equipment: There are various structural designs for the center of 5-axis machining devices. The machine tool's structural design directly influences its performance, affecting factors such as rigidity, machining accuracy, stability, and ease of operation.
01
Structure determines the performance of five-axis machining equipment.
Five-axis machining centers come in a variety of configurations, and the structural design of the machine tool directly influences its performance—determining factors such as rigidity, machining accuracy, stability, and ease of operation.
Five-axis machining equipment should primarily consider the following aspects:
1) Linear axes do not merge or overlap during movement.
2) Equipment with short cutting circuits exhibits good rigidity.
3) Is the tilt-rotating axis driven by a DD motor?
4) Is it a 5-axis connection?
5) Approaching five-axis machining equipment
The entire D200Z/D800Z/a500Z series of 5-axis vertical machining centers features a robust "Z"-type worktable frame. The worktable is supported on both sides by large-diameter offset needle roller bearings, with casting B housed inside A. Compared to conventional single-bearing frame designs, this setup results in significantly reduced deformation (D) and a shorter lever arm (L).
This tilted-axis structure enables high-precision machining comparable to that of a three-axis machining center. Even when loading and rotating heavy workpieces, the deflection of the worktable can be minimized, thanks to its highly rigid bearings and direct-drive motors, which deliver smooth, low-vibration, high-accuracy rotation. Additionally, it offers excellent spatial accessibility.
Good spatial proximity with a well-structured inclined shaft
02
Tilted Rotational Axis Accuracy
The machining accuracy of machine tools is directly influenced by the precision of their rotary axes. This study uses the Muya D800Z machine tool to determine the actual impact of inclined rotary-axis accuracy on overall machining precision.
The D800Z mechanical B/C axis features a resolution of 0.0001 degrees—equivalent to 0.36 degrees—and a positioning accuracy of 3 arcseconds, as illustrated in the accompanying calculation diagram showing the resulting precision error.
03
Conflict Prevention
Interference and collision prevention is a critical issue in 5-axis machining that cannot be overlooked. In addition to software-based interference checks on the computer, Kizuna’s 5-axis machining centers also come standard with a CSG function for real-time, mechanical online simulation, ensuring that interference is avoided—even when operating in manual mode.
By using the online real-time simulation of the CSG function, you can proactively identify potential tool errors or incorrect tool length settings before processing begins, thereby reducing the likelihood of triggering emergency stops during operation. During execution, the system predicts possible interference by analyzing pre-adjusted data and reading position information—such as coordinates and offset values—from within the CNC equipment. Once the machine tool halts, a real-time status screen is displayed, clearly highlighting the anticipated interference zones along with the direction of axis movement.
04
Rotational Center Calibration for Five-Axis Machining Equipment
Changes in environmental conditions and temperature can affect the rotation center, thereby impacting the precision of 5-axis machining—but these variations can be automatically corrected using a probe. Machining accuracy for 3-axis, indexing, and 5-axis operations is verified by ensuring that machining errors remain below 4 µm.
Automatically correcting the 5-axis rotation center using a probe
3-axis/Dividing/5-axis machining equipment precision verification machining
05
Coordination Accuracy
The positioning accuracy of a five-axis machining center is the result of multiple contributing factors. Taking the Makino D200Z as an example, processing examples are provided to offer reference values for its linkage precision.
Processing equipment: D200Z Cam: ffcam
Workpiece material: NAK80 (40 HRC)
Workpiece dimensions: 140 x 140 x 35 mm
Mold cavity: Defined angle R0.22mm, depth 20mm
Processing time: 1 hour 35 min/pocket
Tools: 7 of 6
Driven accuracy: Position accuracy of 2 m, geometric accuracy of 3 m
06
Process Support
The machining process used in a five-axis machining center determines whether the equipment can deliver its full performance. For instance, creating contour tools can significantly enhance machining efficiency.
Case Handling: Efficiency Increased by 6 Times!
Material: YXR33 (58 HRC)
Shape and dimensions: Depth 30 mm, draft angle 2°, corner radius R3 mm
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